31/10/1517         
Martin Luther, Protestanlýðý ilan etti.

31/10/1831       
Takvim-i Vekayi yayýna baþladý.

31/10/1922       
Mussolini Ýtalya Baþbakaný oldu.

31/10/1952       
ABD, ilk hidrojen bombasý denemesini Marshall adalarýnda yaptý.

31/10/1963          
Askeri Yargýtay, Talat Aydemir, Fethi Gürcan, Osman Deniz ve Erol Dinçer'in idamýna iliþkin kararý onadý.

31/10/1967       
Kýbrýs Türklerinin, Rum çetelerinin saldýrýlarýna maruz kaldýðý günlerde, Rauf Denktaþ gizlice adaya girdi.

31/10/1984       
Hindistan Baþbakaný Ýndra Gandhi, Sih muhafýz tarafýndan öldürüldü.

31/10/1989    
Turgut Özal, 263 oyla Türkiye'nin Sekizinci Cumhurbaþkaný seçildi.

31/10/1992       
Türk Silahlý Kuvvetleri, Irak'ýn kuzeyindeki terör üssü Haftanin kampýný ele geçirdi.

31/10/1992       
Vatikan, dünyanýn güneþin çevresinde döndüðünü söyleyen Galileo'nun haklýlýðýný teslim etti.

31/10/1997          
Milli Güvenlik Kurulu toplantýsýnda, 18 Kasým 1992 tarihli belge yerine kaim olmak üzere, yeniden düzenlenen Milli Güvenlik Siyaseti Belgesi uygun bulundu.

Events
879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks.
1500 - Ludovico Sforza is captured by the Swiss troops at Novara and handed over to the French.
1606 - The Charter of the Virginia Company of London was established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.
1710 - The first law regulating copyright is issued in Great Britain.
1741 - War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz.
1790 - United States Patent system established
1815 - Mount Tambora volcano begins its peak eruption period that lasts until July.
1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States.
1821 - Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Turks from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.
1826 - The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town Messolonghi start leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.
1856 - Theta Chi Fraternity Founded at Norwich University
1857 - The Sepoy Mutiny popularly known as the "Revolt of 1857" broke out in Meerut, India as part of the Indian independence movement.
1858 - The original Big Ben, a 14.5 tonne bell for the Tower of London is cast in Stockton-on-Tees by Warner's of Cripplegate. This however cracked during testing and was recasted into the 13.76 tonne bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry and is still in use to date.
1864 - Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg is elected emperor of Mexico.
1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time.
1866 - The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.
1868 - At Arogee in Abyssinia, British and Indian forces defeat an army of Emperor Theodore. While 700 Ethiopians are killed and many more injured, only two die from the British/ Indian troops.
1869 - José Martí founds the Cuban Revolutionary Party.
1874 - The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska, USA.
1896 - Spiridon Louis wins the marathon of the first Olympic Games.
1906 - The Four Million, O. Henry's second short story collection, is published.
1912 - The RMS Titanic leaves port in Southampton, England for her first and only voyage.
1916 - The Professional Golfers Association of America (PGA) is created in New York City.
1919 - Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.
1925 - The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is first published in New York, New York by Charles Scribner's Sons.
1933 - New Deal: The Civilian Conservation Corps is created.
1938 - Édouard Daladier becomes Prime Minister of France.
1941 - World War II: The Axis Powers in Europe establish the Independent State of Croatia from occupied Yugoslavia with Ante Pavelić's Ustase fascist insurgents in power.
1944 - Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler escape from Birkenau death camp.
1944 - Henry Ford II is named executive vice president of Ford Motor Company.
1957 - The Suez Canal is reopened for all shipping after being closed for three months.
1959 - Akihito, future Emperor of Japan, weds Michiko.
1963 - The submarine USS Thresher is lost at sea, with all hands (129 officers, crewmen and civilian technicians).
1968 - Shipwreck of the New Zealand inter-island ferry TEV Wahine outside Wellington harbour.
1971 - Ping Pong Diplomacy: In an attempt to thaw relations with the United States, the People's Republic of China hosts the U.S. table tennis team for a weeklong visit.
1972 - 20 days after he was kidnapped in Buenos Aires, Oberdan Sallustro is executed by communist guerrillas.
1972 - Vietnam War: For the first time since November 1967 American B-52 bombers reportedly begin bombing North Vietnam.
1973 - A British Vanguard turboprop crashes during a snowstorm at Basel, Switzerland killing 104.
1979 - On "Terrible Tuesday", a tornado lands in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people. (see Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak).
1991 - Italian ferry Moby Prince collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off Livorno, Italy killing 140.
1991 - A rare tropical storm develops in the Southern Hemisphere near Angola; the first to be documented by satellites.
1998 - The Belfast Agreement is signed.
2006 - Hundreds of thousands protest H.R. 4437 (aka the "Sensenbrenner Bill") in cities across the United States.

Births
1389 - Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1464)
1583 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
1651 - Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (d. 1708)
1656 - René Lepage de Ste-Claire, lord-founder of the town of Rimouski, in New France (d. 1718)
1704 - Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
1713 - John Whitehurst, English clockmaker and scientist (d. 1788)
1735 - Button Gwinnett, Signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1777)
1755 - Samuel Hahnemann, German physician (d. 1843)
1762 - Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (d. 1834)
1778 - William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)
1794 - Matthew Perry, American commodore (d. 1858)
1829 - William Booth, English founder of the Salvation Army (d. 1912)
1837 - Forceythe Willson, American poet (d. 1867)
1847 - Joseph Pulitzer, American journalist and publisher (d. 1911)
1864 - Eugen d'Albert, German composer (d. 1932)
1867 - George William Russell, Irish nationalist (d. 1935)
1868 - George Arliss, English actor (d. 1946)
1880 - Montague Summers, English writer (d. 1948)
1880 - Mohammed Nadir Shah, Afghan king (d. 1933)
1882 - Frances Perkins, American politician (d. 1965)
1887 - Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1971)
1894 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist (d. 1983)
1910 - Paul Sweezy, American economist and editor (d. 2004)
1911 - Martin Denny, American musician (d. 2005)
1913 - Stefan Heym, German author (d. 2001)
1915 - Harry Morgan, American actor
1917 - Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
1918 - Lee Bergere, American actor (d. 2007)
1921 - Chuck Connors, American actor (d. 1992)
1921 - Sheb Wooley, American actor and singer (d. 2003)
1923 - Roger Gaillard, Haitian historian and novelist (d. 2000)
1924 - Kenneth Noland, American painter
1926 - Junior Samples, American musician (d. 1983)
1927 - Marshall Warren Nirenberg, American scientist, Nobel laureate
1929 - Mike Hawthorn, English race car driver and one-time F1 world champion (d. 1959)
1929 - Max von Sydow, Swedish actor
1930 - Claude Bolling, French jazz composer/pianist
1930 - Dolores Huerta, American co-founder of the United Farm Workers of America
1930 - Norma Candal, Puerto Rican actress/comedian (d. 2006)
1930 - Spede Pasanen, Finnish comedian (d. 2001)
1932 - Omar Sharif, Egyptian actor
1934 - David Halberstam, American journalist, historian and author (d. 2007)
1934 - Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist
1936 - John Madden, American football coach and broadcaster
1937 - Bella Akhmadulina, Russian poet
1938 - Don Meredith, American football player and broadcaster
1941 - Paul Theroux, American author
1942 - Ian Callaghan, English footballer
1943 - Andrzej Badeński, Polish athlete
1946 - David Angell, American television producer (d. 2001)
1947 - Bunny Wailer, Jamaican musician
1950 - Ken Griffey, Sr., American baseball player
1950 - Eddie Hazel, American guitarist (P-Funk and The Temptations) (d. 1992)
1950 - Akiko Wada, Japanese singer and television performer
1951 - David Helvarg, American journalist and environmental activist
1951 - Steven Seagal, American actor
1954 - Peter MacNicol, American actor
1955 - Lesley Garrett, British soprano
1957 - John M. Ford, American science fiction author and poet (d. 2006)
1957 - Steve Gustafson, American rock bassist (10,000 Maniacs)
1958 - Bob Bell, British engineer
1958 - Yefim Bronfman, Russian-born pianist
1958 - Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, American music producer, musician, and film producer
1959 - Yvan Loubier, Quebec politician
1959 - Brian Setzer, American musician (Stray Cats)
1960 - Steve Bisciotti, American owner of the Baltimore Ravens
1960 - Katrina Leskanich, American singer (Katrina and the Waves)
1961 - Joe Cole (roadie), roadie for American band Black Flag, Henry Rollins' best friend (d. 1991)
1962 - Steve Tasker, American football player
1963 - Warren DeMartini, American rock guitarist (Ratt)
1963 - Doris Leuthard, member of the Swiss Federal Council
1965 - Tim Alexander, American drummer (Primus)
1967 - Donald Dufresne, Canadian ice hockey player
1968 - Orlando Jones, American actor and comedian
1969 - Billy Jayne, American actor
1969 - Ekaterini Koffa, Greek sprinter
1970 - Matt Barlow, American heavy metal singer (Iced Earth)
1970 - Enrico Ciccone, Canadian ice hockey player
1970 - Leonard Dorin, Canadian boxer
1970 - Kenny Lattimore, American singer
1970 - Mike Mushok, American rock guitarist (Staind)
1970 - Q-Tip, American rapper
1971 - Al Reyes, Dominican baseball player
1973 - Guillaume Canet, French actor and film director
1973 - Roberto Carlos, Brazilian footballer
1973 - Aidan Moffat, Scottish singer and musician (Arab Strap)
1973 - Christopher Simmons, American designer
1974 - Petros Passalis, Greek footballer
1975 - Chris Carrabba, American singer (Dashboard Confessional)
1976 - Sara Renner, Canadian cross country skier
1979 - Shemekia Copeland, American singer
1979 - Rachel Corrie, American activist (d. 2003)
1979 - Tsuyoshi Domoto, Japanese artist
1979 - Sophie Ellis-Bextor, English singer
1979 - Peter Kopteff, Finnish footballer
1980 - Sean Avery, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 - Charlie Hunnam, British actor
1980 - Kasey Kahne, American race-car driver
1980 - Bryce Soderberg, American rock bassist (Lifehouse)
1981 - Laura Bell Bundy, American actress
1981 - Liz McClarnon, British singer
1981 - Michael Pitt, American actor
1981 - Alexei Semenov, Russian ice hockey player
1982 - Damián Lanza, Ecuadorian footballer
1982 - Chyler Leigh, American actress
1982 - Andre Ethier, American baseball player
1983 - Ryan Merriman, American actor
1984 - Mandy Moore, American singer/actress
1985 - Dion Phaneuf, Canadian ice hockey player
1986 - Vincent Kompany, Belgian footballer
1988 - Haley Joel Osment, American actor
1991 - Amanda Michalka, American actress/singer
2007 - Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Dutch Princess

Deaths
879 - Louis the Stammerer, King of the West Franks (b. 846)
948 - King Hugh of Italy
1533 - King Frederick I of Denmark (b. 1471)
1545 - Costanzo Festa, Italian composer
1585 - Pope Gregory XIII (b. 1502)
1599 - Gabrielle d'Estrée, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1571)
1601 - Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet (b. 1562)
1619 - Thomas Jones, Archbishop of Dublin (b. c1550)
1640 - Agostino Agazzari, Italian composer (b. 1578)
1646 - Santino Solari, Swiss architect and sculptor (b. 1576)
1704 - William Egon of Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1629)
1706 - Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1666)
1756 - Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer (d. 1661)
1760 - Jean Lebeuf, French historian (b. 1687)
1786 - John Byron, British naval officer (b. 1723)
1813 - Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician (b. 1736)
1823 - Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Austrian philosopher (b. 1757)
1862 - W.H.L. Wallace, American Union general (b. 1821)
1882 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (b. 1828)
1904 - Queen Isabella II of Spain (b. 1830)
1909 - Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet and critic (b. 1837)
1919 - Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1879)
1920 - Moritz Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1829)
1931 - Khalil Gibran, Lebanese poet and painter (b. 1883)
1938 - Joe "King" Oliver, American musician (b. 1885)
1945 - Charles Nordhoff, English-born writer (b. 1887)
1945 - H.N. Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (b. 1882)
1954 - Auguste Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1862)
1954 - Oscar Mathisen, Norwegian speed skater (b. 1888)
1955 - Teilhard de Chardin, French paleontologist and theologian (b. 1881)
1958 - Chuck Willis, American singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
1962 - Michael Curtiz, Hungarian-born director (b. 1886)
1962 - Stuart Sutcliffe, English musician (The Beatles) (b. 1940)
1965 - Lloyd Casner, American race car driver and owner (b. 1928)
1965 - Linda Darnell, American actress (b. 1923)
1966 - Evelyn Waugh, English writer (b. 1903)
1968 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian politician (b. 1899)
1969 - Harley J. Earl, American automobile designer (b. 1893)
1975 - Marjorie Main, American actress (b. 1890)
1979 - Nino Rota, Italian composer (b. 1911)
1980 - Kay Medford, American actress (b. 1914)
1986 - Linda Creed, American songwriter (b. 1948)
1991 - Kevin Peter Hall, American actor (b. 1955)
1991 - Natalie Schafer, American actress (b. 1900)
1992 - Sam Kinison, American comedian (b. 1953)
1993 - Chris Hani, South African activist (b. 1942)
1994 - Sam B. Hall, American politician (b. 1924)
1995 - Morarji Desai, Indian activist (b. 1896)
1997 - Michael Dorris, American author (b. 1945)
1999 - Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, German-born biochemist (b. 1910)
1999 - Jean Vander Pyl, American voice actress (b. 1919)
2000 - Peter Jones, English comedian (b. 1920)
2000 - Larry Linville, American actor (b. 1939)
2000 - Kirsten Rolffes, Danish actress (b. 1928)
2003 - Little Eva, American singer (b. 1943)
2005 - Norbert Brainin, Austrian violinist (b. 1923)
2005 - Iakovos, Archbishop of America (b. 1911)
2005 - Al Lucas, American football player (b. 1978)
2007 - Dakota Staton, American singer (b. 1930)